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.agents/skills/php-pro/references/modern-php-features.md
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.agents/skills/php-pro/references/modern-php-features.md
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# Modern PHP 8.3+ Features
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## Strict Types & Type Declarations
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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namespace App\Domain\User;
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final readonly class User
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{
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public function __construct(
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public int $id,
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public string $email,
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public UserStatus $status,
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public \DateTimeImmutable $createdAt,
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) {}
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}
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function calculateTotal(int $price, float $taxRate): float
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{
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return $price * (1 + $taxRate);
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}
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// Union types
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function processId(int|string $id): string
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{
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return is_int($id) ? (string)$id : $id;
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}
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// Intersection types
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interface Timestamped {}
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interface Authenticatable {}
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function handleUser(Timestamped&Authenticatable $user): void {}
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```
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## Enums with Methods
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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enum UserStatus: string
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{
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case ACTIVE = 'active';
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case SUSPENDED = 'suspended';
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case DELETED = 'deleted';
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public function label(): string
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{
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return match($this) {
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self::ACTIVE => 'Active User',
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self::SUSPENDED => 'Suspended',
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self::DELETED => 'Deleted User',
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};
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}
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public function canLogin(): bool
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{
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return $this === self::ACTIVE;
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}
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public static function fromString(string $value): self
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{
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return self::from(strtolower($value));
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}
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}
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enum HttpStatus: int
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{
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case OK = 200;
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case CREATED = 201;
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case BAD_REQUEST = 400;
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case UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
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case NOT_FOUND = 404;
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case SERVER_ERROR = 500;
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public function isSuccess(): bool
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{
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return $this->value >= 200 && $this->value < 300;
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}
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}
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```
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## Readonly Properties & Classes
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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// Readonly class (PHP 8.2+)
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final readonly class Money
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{
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public function __construct(
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public int $amount,
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public string $currency,
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) {
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if ($amount < 0) {
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throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Amount cannot be negative');
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}
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}
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public function add(Money $other): self
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{
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if ($this->currency !== $other->currency) {
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throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Currency mismatch');
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}
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return new self($this->amount + $other->amount, $this->currency);
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}
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}
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// Individual readonly properties
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class Configuration
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{
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public function __construct(
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public readonly string $apiKey,
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public readonly string $apiSecret,
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private string $cache = '',
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) {}
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}
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```
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## Attributes (Metadata)
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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#[\Attribute(\Attribute::TARGET_CLASS)]
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final readonly class Route
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{
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public function __construct(
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public string $path,
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public string $method = 'GET',
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public array $middleware = [],
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) {}
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}
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#[\Attribute(\Attribute::TARGET_PROPERTY)]
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final readonly class Validate
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{
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public function __construct(
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public ?string $rule = null,
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public ?int $min = null,
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public ?int $max = null,
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) {}
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}
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// Using attributes
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#[Route('/api/users', method: 'POST', middleware: ['auth'])]
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final class CreateUserController
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{
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public function __invoke(CreateUserRequest $request): JsonResponse
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{
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// ...
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}
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}
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class UserDto
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{
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#[Validate(rule: 'email')]
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public string $email;
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#[Validate(min: 8, max: 100)]
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public string $password;
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}
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```
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## First-Class Callables
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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class UserService
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{
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public function findById(int $id): ?User {}
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public function create(array $data): User {}
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}
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$service = new UserService();
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// PHP 8.1+ first-class callable syntax
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$finder = $service->findById(...);
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$user = $finder(42);
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// Array operations
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$numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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$doubled = array_map(fn($n) => $n * 2, $numbers);
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// Named arguments with callable
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$result = array_filter(
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array: $numbers,
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callback: fn($n) => $n % 2 === 0,
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);
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```
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## Match Expressions
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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function getStatusColor(UserStatus $status): string
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{
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return match ($status) {
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UserStatus::ACTIVE => 'green',
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UserStatus::SUSPENDED => 'yellow',
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UserStatus::DELETED => 'red',
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};
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}
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function calculateShipping(int $weight, string $zone): float
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{
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return match (true) {
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$weight < 1000 => 5.00,
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$weight < 5000 && $zone === 'local' => 10.00,
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$weight < 5000 => 15.00,
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default => 25.00,
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};
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}
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// Match with multiple conditions
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function getHttpMessage(int $code): string
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{
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return match ($code) {
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200, 201, 204 => 'Success',
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400, 422 => 'Client Error',
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401, 403 => 'Unauthorized',
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500, 502, 503 => 'Server Error',
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default => 'Unknown',
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};
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}
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```
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## Fibers (PHP 8.1+)
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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// Basic fiber example
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$fiber = new \Fiber(function (): void {
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$value = \Fiber::suspend('fiber started');
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echo "Received: {$value}\n";
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\Fiber::suspend('second suspend');
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echo "Fiber completed\n";
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});
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$result1 = $fiber->start();
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echo "First result: {$result1}\n";
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$result2 = $fiber->resume('data from main');
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echo "Second result: {$result2}\n";
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$fiber->resume('final data');
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// Async-style with fibers
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function async(callable $callback): \Fiber
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{
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return new \Fiber($callback);
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}
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function await(\Fiber $fiber): mixed
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{
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if (!$fiber->isStarted()) {
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return $fiber->start();
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}
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return $fiber->resume();
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}
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```
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## Never Type
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```php
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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function redirect(string $url): never
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{
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header("Location: {$url}");
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exit;
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}
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function abort(int $code, string $message): never
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{
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http_response_code($code);
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echo json_encode(['error' => $message]);
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exit;
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}
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class NotFoundException extends \Exception
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{
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public static function throw(string $resource): never
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{
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throw new self("Resource not found: {$resource}");
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}
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}
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```
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## Quick Reference
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| Feature | PHP Version | Usage |
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|---------|-------------|-------|
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| Readonly properties | 8.1+ | `public readonly string $name` |
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| Readonly classes | 8.2+ | `readonly class User {}` |
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| Enums | 8.1+ | `enum Status: string {}` |
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| First-class callables | 8.1+ | `$fn = $obj->method(...)` |
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| Never type | 8.1+ | `function exit(): never` |
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| Fibers | 8.1+ | `new \Fiber(fn() => ...)` |
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| Pure intersection types | 8.1+ | `A&B $param` |
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| DNF types | 8.2+ | `(A&B)\|C $param` |
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| Constants in traits | 8.2+ | `trait T { const X = 1; }` |
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